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Biography of Abdul-Hamid, II
Name: Abdul-Hamid, II
Birth Date: September 21, 1842
Death Date: February 10, 1918
Place of Birth: N/A
Nationality: Turkish
Gender: Male
Occupations: sultan
Abdul-Hamid, II
The Turkish sultan Abdul-Hamid II (1842-1918) was a ruler of the Ottoman Empire. A reactionary autocrat, he delayed for a quarter century the liberal movement in the empire.Born on Sept. 21, 1842, Abdul-Hamid was the son of Sultan Abdul-Medjid and of Tirimujgan, a Circassian. He obtained the throne in 1876, when his brother Murad V was ousted by a liberal reform group led by the grand vizier Midhat Pasha.In fulfillment of promises made before his accession, Abdul-Hamid issued the empire's first constitution on Dec. 23, 1876, a document largely inspired by Midhat Pasha. It provided for an elected bicameral parliament and for the customary civil liberties, including equality before the law for all the empire's diverse nationalities. The issuance of the constitution undercut European ambitions and stalled, at least temporarily, pressure for reform.The Sultan, however, was an autocrat by nature. In February 1877 Midhat Pasha was dismissed and exiled. Abdul-Hamid's reactionary measures continued when …showed first 150 words…
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…showed last 150 words…unreformed as ever, supported a military-religious counter coup which ousted the liberal Young Turk government. Again the III Army Corps intervened, Istanbul was occupied, and on April 27 the committee deposed the Sultan in favor of his brother, Mehmed (Mohammed V). Abdul-Hamid was confined at Salonika until that city fell to the Greeks in 1912. He died at Magnesia on Feb. 10, 1918. Further Reading A good biography is the contemporary account by Sir Edwin Pears, Life of Abdul Hamid (1917). More recent is Joan Haslip, The Sultan: The Life of Abdul Hamid (1958). Background information is in M. Philips Price, A History of Turkey from Empire to Republic (1956; 2d ed. 1961); E. E. Ramsaur, The Young Turks: Prelude to the Revolution of 1908 (1957); Bernard Lewis, The Emergence of Modern Turkey (1962; 2d ed. 1968); and, from a more European viewpoint, W. N. Medlicott, The Congress of Berlin and After: A Diplomatic History of the Near Eastern Settlement, 1878-1880 (1938; 2d ed. 1963).
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