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Biography of Baron Georges Eugène Haussmann
Name: Baron Georges Eugène Haussmann
Birth Date: 1809
Death Date: 1891
Place of Birth: Paris, France
Nationality: French
Gender: Male
Occupations: baron
Baron Georges Eugène Haussmann
Baron Georges Eugène Haussmann (1809-1891), as French prefect of the Seine, carried out under Napoleon III a huge urban renewal program for the city of Paris.During the administration of Baron Haussmann, 71 miles of new roads, 400 miles of pavement, and 320 miles of sewers were added to Paris; 100,000 trees were planted, and housing, bridges, and public buildings were constructed. Elected a member of the Académie des Beaux-Arts in 1867, the year of the International Exhibition in Paris, Haussmann stated, "My qualification? I was chosen as demolition artist" (Memoires, 3 vols., 1890-1893).Admittedly Haussmann destroyed a considerable portion of the historic city, but the purpose was to tear down the worst slums and discourage riots, make the city more accessible, accommodate the new railroads, and beautify Paris. Long, straight boulevards for parades and for the circulation of traffic could also foil would-be rioters, since the mob could not defend boulevards as readily …showed first 150 words…
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…showed last 150 words…belt around the fortifications linking the Bois de Boulogne in the west to the Bois de Vincennes in the east did not materialize.Haussmann was forced to retire in 1869, having succumbed to his critics, who accused him of "Haussmannomania," heavy spending, and disrespect for the laws governing finance. One of his last acts for Napoleon III was the drafting of a proclamation for the siege of Paris in 1870. Further Reading An engaging and well-written biography is Michel Carmona, Haussmann: His Life and Times, and the Making of Modern Paris (2002). J.M. and Brain Chapman, The Life and Times of Baron Haussmann: Paris in the Second Empire (1957), is good background, although opinionated, particularly on Garnier's Opéra, and not well illustrated. Sigfried Giedion, Space, Time and Architecture: The Growth of a New Tradition (1941; 5th ed. 1967), contains superior illustrations. See also David H. Pinkney, Napoleon III and the Rebuilding of Paris (1958).
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