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Biography of Caxias, Duque de
Name: Caxias, Duque de
Birth Date: August 25, 1803
Death Date: May 7, 1880
Place of Birth: N/A
Nationality: Brazilian
Gender: Male
Occupations: soldier
Caxias, Duque de
Luiz Alves de Lima e Silva Duque de Caxias (1803-1880), was the most famous soldier in Brazilian history. He led the Brazilian army in the pacification campaigns during the regency and served as allied commander in the Paraguayan War.Luiz Alves de Lima e Silva was born on Aug. 25, 1803, into a respected military family. He compiled a brilliant record in the military school in Rio de Janeiro, took part in the independence campaigns, fought in Uruguay in 1825 against Juan Antonio Lavalleja, and by the age of 25 had risen to the rank of major. In April 1831, following the abdication of Pedro I, Lima e Silva was called upon to organize and command the national guard to maintain order in Rio and its environs.During the hectic regency period Lima e Silva methodically extinguished insurrections in rebelling provinces and in 1841 was named Baron of Caxias for his distinguished service. Rio Grande do Sul …showed first 150 words…
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…showed last 150 words…On Jan. 12, 1869, he returned to Rio to face a Senate investigation for his conduct of the war. Absolved of all charges, Caxias was decorated, and on March 26 Pedro II raised him to the rank of duke, the only holder of that title in the history of the empire.After the Paraguayan War perhaps only the influence of Caxias subordinated the increasingly arrogant military to civilian control. His death in Rio on May 7, 1880, unleashed the militarism which Brazil had been able to escape for over half a century. Caxias is remembered in Brazilian history as the "Pacifier" and "Patron of the Army," and his birthday is celebrated as the Dia do soldado (Army Day). Further Reading There is no study of Caxias in English. General works which discuss him include João Pandia Calogeras, A History of Brazil (1930; trans. 1939), and Alva Custis Wilgus, ed., Argentina, Brazil and Chile since Independence (1935).
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