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Biography of Victor Emmanuel, III
Name: Victor Emmanuel, III
Birth Date: November 11, 1869
Death Date: December 28, 1947
Place of Birth: Naples, Italy
Nationality: Italian
Gender: Male
Occupations: king
Victor Emmanuel, III
Victor Emmanuel III (1869-1947) was king of Italy from 1900 to 1946. His cooperation with Mussolini helped bring an end to the Italian monarchy.Victor Emmanuel was born on Nov. 11, 1869, in Naples. After his father, Umberto I, was assassinated in 1900, Victor Emmanuel succeeded to the throne. His lifelong preference for matters martial had been set by military training and army service. But the political circumstances of his time prevented him from asserting a commanding personality in either war or peace.In 1896 Victor Emmanuel married Princes Elena of Montenegro. They had five children, among whom were Umberto, the last legal king of Italy, and Mafalda, whose death in 1944 at the Buchenwald concentration camp enrolled her among the list of victims of that Fascist holocaust her father had helped to unleash upon Europe.In Italy, as in other countries of Europe, the impact of World War I produced unforeseen shifts in the political spectrum. Particularly …showed first 150 words…
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…showed last 150 words…over the reins of government to the conservative marshal Pietro Badoglio rather than to a representative of the joint anti-Fascist resistance. This was in 1943; the following year Victor Emmanuel, while retaining his title, handed over what was left of the royal power to his son. In May 1946 he abdicated, but the monarchy outlasted him by less than a month. He died in exile in Egypt on Dec. 28, 1947. His career demonstrates that he never really came to terms with democracy and that in his few moments of meaningful political choice he preferred to deal with the representatives of savage reaction rather than concede an inch to the demands of the people. Further Reading Discussions of Victor Emmanuel's reign are found in John M. Cammett, Antonio Gramsci and the Origins of Italian Communism (1967); Denis Mack Smith, Italy: A Modern History (rev. ed. 1969); and A. William Salomone, Italy from the Risorgimento to Fascism (1970).
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