“Methodological Doubt and Madness”(

Descartes sets out with amazing clarity and persistence to clear himself of every false idea that he has acquired and determine what he truly knows. To rid himself of these uncertainties he has developed a method of doubt with a goal to construct a set of beliefs on foundations which are indubitable. On these foundations, Descartes applies three levels of skepticism, which in turn, generate three levels at which our thoughts may be deceived by …

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