Managing Defensive Cynicism

Table of contents page 1 Introduction page 2 Chapter 1: Cynicism defined page 3 1.1 What is cynicism? page 3 1.2 How and where does it originate? page 4 1.3 Is it a personal matter, or is it situationally determined? page 4 1.4 What are the causes of cynicism? page 5 1.5 What are the effects of cynicism? page 5 Chapter 2: Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory of Motivation page 7 2.1 Motivation-Hygiene Theory page 7 2.2 Job enrichment page 8 Chapter 3: Managing and Minimizing Cynicism page 9 3.2 How are cynicism and motivation related to each …

…effect of pro- fessionalism on cynicism among prison guards. Sociological Spectrum, 1, 53-65. Reichers, A.E., Wanous, J.P. & Austin, J.T. (1997). Understanding and Managing Cynicism about Organizational Change. Academy of Management Executive, 11(1): 48-59. Sanford, C., & Mang, P. (1993). A work in progress at Du Pont: The creation of a develop- mental organization. In Ray and Rinzler, (Eds.), The new paradigm in business, New York, NY: Putnam. Senge, P. (1990). The fifth discipline. New York, NY: Currency Doubleday.