Painting in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century

Painting in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century         During the second half of the nineteenth century, the ideal of self-determination fostered by the French Revolution and spread by Napoleon helped spawn a revolutionary spirit across Europe. This spirit of rebellion also infected artists of the period. Painters began to challenge the philosophy and the aesthetic principles of the academies, looking outside these conservative institutions for their training, subject matter, style, and purpose. While many …

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