Structure and properties of Biological membranes.

½Give an account of the structure and properties of Biological membranes. Include details of the modifications of membrane structure found in different specialised cells and organelles½ The Fluid Mosaic model was codified by Singer and Nicolson in 1972. It describes the structure and properties of the cell membrane very simply. Every membrane consists of a Phospholipid bilayer. This is simply two layers of phospholipid molecules that come together due to their unique properties. The heads of …

…of the loop of Henle. Also, in the membrane for the Collecting Duct and Distal Proximal Tubule there are receptors for the hormone ADH. This is vital to the workings of the kidney as it is a means of controling how much water is retained or allowed to stay in the urea and so be excreted from the body. ADH controls the opening of ionic protein channels to let water move out into the medulla.