Basic Gel Electrophoresis

What is gel electrophoresis? Gel electrophoresis is a method that separates macromolecules-either nucleic acids or proteins-on the basis of size, electric charge, and other physical properties. A gel is a colloid in a solid form. The term electrophoresis describes the migration of charged particle under the influence of an electric field. Electro refers to the energy of electricity. Phoresis, from the Greek verb phoros, means "to carry across." Thus, gel electrophoresis refers to the technique …

…little as a single amino acid. The protein molecules in a sample of fish muscle tissue and plant grain endosperm tissue can be separated according to their individual molecular mass and compared to samples that have been treated with a reducing agent, such as 2-mercaptoethanol. Complex proteins (composed of two or more polypeptide chains) can be broken down into their respective polypeptide fractions. A reducing agent breaks the disulfide bonds that hold the polypeptide together.