Indus Valley Civilization Shoumit Mukhopadhaya

Indus Valley civilization was one of the world's first great civilizations. The civilization began to flourish about 4,500 years ago and was centred in the vast river plains of what are now Pakistan and northwestern India. This civilization is sometimes called the Harappan civilization. It is named after the Pakistani town of Harappa, where archaeologists first discovered evidence of the culture. The Indus civilization developed out of farming and herding communities that carried on trade with …

…patterns. These changes included the drying up of the Hakra River and changes in the course of the Indus River. The river changes disrupted agricultural and economic systems, and many people left the cities of the Indus Valley region. However, some aspects of Indus art, agriculture, and possibly social organization continued in the smaller cultures. Some of these aspects became incorporated into a unified urban civilization that began developing throughout the region about 600 B.C.