My notes to review for final. The brief overview of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and Epicurus.

1. Socrates Socratic method of teaching: 1) to convince the other of his ignorance; 2) to make a true search for the answer. But sophists believed that 1) virtue could be taught; 2) there is no common knowledge. Socrates' ethical principle: 1) virtue is knowledge/ wisdom. Virtue - excellence, good at doing smth. Plato expands "virtue is knowledge" 1) with psychology; parts of the soul, separate from each other: a) reason - desire for knowledge (head); b) spirited part, emotions, love, envy, …

…tend to think that we are like god, god doesn't need our love, god isn't concerned about us. 3) accept hedonism, you pursue only those pleasures. Classification of pleasures according to desires: 1) natural & necessary (food, drink, shelter, clothing); 2) natural & unnecessary (sex, fancy food); 3) vain (honor, wealth, excitement, power) Natural pleasures: passive, static, stable, moderate, healthy, pleasures of rest, tranquility, long lasting; Vain: active, kinetic, unstable, greedy, lusty, pleasures of motion, short lived.