Orbitals

Moving Object has wave like characteristics Particles really do have wave-like properties, it just took a while for us to notice them. It wasn't discovered until 1925 that electrons do have wave characteristics. An American physicist, Clinton Davisson, was working with Lester Germer at Bell Labs reflecting electrons. An apparatus containing a nickel target was damaged, breaking the vacuum and ruining the prepared sample of nickel. Davisson and Germer heated the nickel to use it again, …

…to determine the exact position of an electron It is used as the charge density for many applications in atomic physics and chemistry. The charge density is the charge per unit volume in a body where the charge is distributed (not located at point charges). Charge density appears in the differential form of the first of Maxwell's equations, and thus determines electric field. The charge density of a cation affects the extent of covalent bonding