What are the major difficulties associated with theorising white-collar crimes?

When you hear the phrase white-collar crime you immediately associate it with scandals in the financial and business sector and the sophisticated frauds of senior executives. In the last 2 decades or so there have been a number of highly publicised examples of white-collar crime, including that of Robert Maxwell who defrauded his company the Mirror Group Newspapers pension funds. Criminologists have argued that crimes of this nature are more prevalent, more serious, and more damaging …

…Criminology. (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Levi, M. (1987). Regulating Fraud: White Collar Crime and the Criminal Process. London: Tavistock. Shapiro, S. (1990). Collaring the Crime, Not the Criminal: Re-considering the Concept of White Collar Crime. American Sociological Review, 55, June, 345-65. Smith, A. W. (2001, April 02). How Robert Maxwell Picked the Lock to the Company Safe. The Independent, 21-33 Steffenmeiser, D. (1989). On the Cause of White Collar Crime: An Assessment of Hirschi and Gottredson's Claims. Criminology, 27, 345-58.