evolution

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ............................................... 2 DARWINIAN THEORY OF EVOLUTION .............................. 4 THE THEORY OF BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION: CONTRIBUTING ELEMENTS ....................... 7 WALLACE'S CONTRIBUTIONS ................................... 13 HARDY-WEINBERG PRINCIPLE .................................. 15 COMPARISON: LAMARCK vs. DARWIN ........................... 16 DARWIN'S INFLUENCES ....................................... 20 METHODS OF SCIENTIFIC DEDUCTION ........................... 23 LIMITS TO DARWIN'S THEORY ................................. 25 MORPHOLOGICAL & BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS ....................... 27 BIO-EVOLUTION: POPULATION vs. INDIVIDUALS ................ 29 MECHANISMS FOR GENETIC VARIATION .......................... 31 GENETIC VARIATION AND SPECIATION .......................... 35 DARWIN'S FINCHES .......................................... 37 SPECIATION vs. CONVERGENT EVOLUTION ....................... 39 CONCEPT OF ADAPTATION ..................................... 41 PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM .................................... 43 VALUE/LIMITATIONS: THE THEORY OF BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION .... 45 ALTERNATE EXPLANATIONS OF BEING ........................... 47 CONCLUSIONS ............................................... 48 INTRODUCTION Theories explaining …

…Leakey, Mankind and Its Beginnings, New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday, p. 177. 39. ibid., p. 156. 40. opsit., p. 218. 41. opsit., p. 408. 42. opcit., p.431. 43. ibid., p. 432/ 44. opsit., p. 253. 45. ibid., p. 554. 46. William D. Stansfield, Genetics 2/ed, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1983, p. 266. 47. ibid. p. 269. 48. opsit., p. 272. 49. ibid., p. 274. 50. ibid., p. 275. 51. opsit., p. 434. 52. ibid., p. 432. 53. ibid., p. 435. 54. opsit, p. 420. 55. opsit., p.374. 56. ibid. p. 421. 57. opsit., p. 299. 58. opsit., p. 160. 59. opsit., p. 412. 60. opsit. p. 138. 61. ibid. p. 95. 62. opsit., p. 441. 63. ibid., p. 441-2 64. ibid., p. 443. 65. opsit., p. 572.