governmental actions to end discrimination since the 1950s outline

Slow Improvement, but substantial gains Judicial Actions 1954- Brown v. Board of Ed.- ends segregation 1962- Baker v. Carr- "one man, one vote"; redistricts congressional districts to be more representative of minorities. 1964- Heart of Atlanta Motel v. U.S.- uses interstate commerce clause to ban segregated motels, hotels and restaurants. 1966- S.C. v. Katzenbach- enforces 15th amendment's policy of ending voting discrimination 1968- Jones v. Mayer- racial discrimination in sale or …

…v. Cal [78] limits affirmative action's power) -Racial gerrymandering seen as ridiculous, and then even unconstitutional (Shaw v. Reno ['93] & Miller v Johnson ['95]) -These public sentiments backed up by the Conservative swing of the Reagan appointed, Rhenquist court. -de facto segregation. Not caused by any government wrong in particular, but the tendency of minority groups to stay living areas of their own minority group make true integration an almost unattainable goal. -bryant gumbell.... 'nuf said