Notes on sound and harmonics (greek letters do not appear correctly)

Sound waves are created from a source which is vibrating. The vibrating source creates longitudinal waves in some medium which are detected by our ear or by an instrument. The speed of the sound wave will depend on the medium in which the sound is traveling. Since the approximate speed of sound is given by √{β/ρ}, the speed of sound will increase if the density is decreased, or if the bulk modulus is …

…there will always be a node at that end and an antinode at the other. The antinode is at the other because the air will always move at the open ends of the tube. In general n = 4L/n, f = nv/4L n = 1,3,5,... for a tube open at only one end. Note that for the tube open at only one end, only odd harmonics can be formed since one end must be a node.